Temporomandibular joint and muscle
disorders, commonly called "TMJ," are a group of conditions that
cause pain and dysfunction in the jaw joint and muscles that control jaw
movement. Some estimates suggest that TMJ disorders affect over 10 million
Americans; the conditions appear to be more common in women than men.
Causes and Symptoms
Trauma to the jaw or
temporomandibular joint plays a role in some TMJ disorders but in most cases,
the exact cause of the condition is not clear. A variety of symptoms may be
linked to TMJ disorders. Pain in the chewing muscles and/or jaw joint is the
most common symptom; others include jaw muscle stiffness; limited movement or
locking of the jaw; painful clicking, popping or grating in the jaw joint when
opening or closing the mouth; and a change in the way the upper and lower teeth
fit together.
Treatment
For most people, discomfort from TMJ
disorders will eventually go away with little or no treatment. Some, however,
develop significant, long-term problems. Simple steps that may help ease
symptoms temporarily include eating soft foods, applying ice packs, and
avoiding extreme jaw movements like wide yawning and gum chewing. Short term
use of over-the-counter or prescription pain medicines and learning techniques
to reduce stress may also provide relief. Even if symptoms become significant
and persistent, most people still do not need aggressive types of treatment.
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